Perturbation Theory Applied to Cloud
Chamber Tracks
I found a scattering/perturbation theory analysis in David Park's
Introduction to the Quantum
Theory. I should explain that when I began these web pages I
knew what perturbation theory was in this sense:
(Me, circa 2004 autumn): Perturbation theory is a method in performing
calculations in quantum mechanics which starts with a known situation
and then assumes that an unknown situation can be treated as the known
situation plus some small changes. And beyond that vague definition I
have no idea how it works.
The calculation in Park
discusses the energy transfer between an alpha particle moving through
a cloud chamber and a resident atom of hydrogen that happens to get in
the way. So the hydrogen atom consists of a proton which is ignored and
an electron which can be clobbered by the alpha particle. In the way a
can of soda can get clobbered by a bus, to choose a classical analogy
based on rest mass.
Now I decided to try and follow the perturbation theory calculation
thinking I would pick up some ideas on how it works in the process.
This worked beautifully, but for the fact that I didn't get all the way
through the analysis. So it still needs to be finished. Now about a
year later I can see that my work on learning quantum mechanics will
eventually permit me to do a good job explaining the entire
calculation. But I'm not there yet, so I'll let the earlier writeup
stand for now.
There are
two
objectives to Park's alpha particle analysis:
1. Show that truck
keeps going.
The alpha particle will
tend to continue in the direction it was originally headed but with a
little less energy after it knocks the electron away (say ionization,
Rydberg of energy, 13.6eV).
2. Accomplish
the first objective using wave
mechanics and a steady-state picture.
My further objectives, unrealized, are:
1. Connect the theory to what we see in the chamber.
Calculate more numbers for the process: How long the alpha should
travel before hitting an electron, how many electrons we can expect it
to dislodge, how long the track should therefore be, what the alpha
particle's velocity profile should look like.
2. Understand how the calculation works in the broader context of
perturbation theory.
An interesting aspect of Park's derivation is that it uses the
time-independent strange, strange since
what we're thinking about is precisely an event in which something
changes over time.
My original notes on Park's derivation are here.
Cosmic Rays Summary Notes
Cosmic Rays
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